Quantity deficiencies in the nutrition of the ghetto population are accompanied by deficiencies in quality, including insufficient amounts of vitamins, causing widespread vitamin deficiency (Avitaminosis). In 1940, the most common ailment was scurvy1 (having caused several deaths), surpassed in the summer of 1941 by pellagra ([vide]). In the winter of 1942/43, a common condition to emerge was osteomalacia2 (vide  Vigantol) accompanied by tetany3; at that point rickets was a very rare disease in the ghetto. The type of vitamin deficiency most frequently found in children was xerophthalmia4. Numerous cases of miscarriage, bleeding, liver and renal disease (kidney stones), and ulcers can most likely be attributed, at least in part, to the lack of appropriate vitamins. In the summer of 1942, fifty-five deaths due to vitamin deficiency were recorded.